USMA Athena

USMA Athena is a secure digital service managed by the United States Military Academy Library to make the work of USMA scholars freely available, while also ensuring these resources are organized to preserve the legacy of USMA scholarship. The mission of USMA Athena is to showcase the academic impact and intellectual capital that has become synonymous with the celebrated heritage of educational prowess attributed to the Long Gray Line. Scholarship submitted to USMA Athena benefits from added visibility and discoverability via Google Scholar in addition to the use of persistent URLs that will provide enduring access to the work over time.

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Recent Submissions

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Signals of Opportunity: Spoof Detection with Low-Cost Hardware and Edge Devices
(IEEE, 2023-10-12) Toth, Peter; Babbitt, Thomas; Graziano, Timothy; MAJ Tim Graziano
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are essential for the operation of critical infrastructure, shipping, and first responders around the world. Increased instances of position, navigation, and timing (PNT) interference can threaten the performance of crisis response organizations. Current alternatives to GPS are expensive, require ideal conditions to operate, and are computationally cost prohibitive in most applications. The recent proliferation of edge computing devices and software defined radios enables low-cost reception and high fidelity analysis of radio signals. We explore the efficacy of low-cost commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and edge device processing to capture and analyze Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite beacon signal Doppler frequency shifts. Analysis of these signals is shown to identify GNSS spoofing with accuracy of 4.12 meters.
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Hacking Competitions and Their Untapped Potential for Security Education
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2011-05) Conti, Gregory; Babbitt, Thomas; Nelson, John
Information security educators can learn much from the hacker community. The word "hacker" is controversial, and the idea of emulating this community is problematic to some. However, we use the term in its purest form: individuals who creatively explore technology and push it in new directions. Be cause of this imaginative, playful spirit, most hacker conferences sponsor diverse and intense competitions, many organized by the attendees themselves and facilitated via the conference organizers. These competitions test participants' ingenuity and problem-solving skills, are fun and innovative, and draw large, enthusiastic groups of participants and spectators.
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Volume II: Multidisciplinary Handbook of Character Development: Conceptualizing and Defining Character Virtues
(Routledge, 2024-02-27) Matthews, Mike D.; Lerner, Richard M.
Drawing from philosophy, religion, biology, behavioral and social sciences, and the arts, the Routledge International Handbooks of Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Character Development, Volumes I and II, present cutting-edge scholarship about the concept of character across the life span, the developmental and contextual bases of character, and the key organizations of societal sectors, within and across nations, that promote character development in individuals, families, and communities.
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Volume I: Multidisciplinary Handbook of Character Development: Conceptualizing and Defining Character Virtues
(Routledge, 2024-02-27) Matthews, Mike D.; Lerner, Richard M.
Drawing from philosophy, religion, biology, behavioral and social sciences, and the arts, the Routledge International Handbooks of Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Character Development, Volumes I and II, present cutting-edge scholarship about the concept of character across the life span, the developmental and contextual bases of character, and the key organizations of societal sectors, within and across nations, that promote character development in individuals, families, and communities. This first volume, Conceptualizing and Defining Character explores the foundations of the field by providing an array of interdisciplinary approaches to character development including economics, education, law, literature, military science, philosophy, and many more. This second volume, Moderators, Threats, and Contexts focuses on the moderators and covariates of character development with chapters pertaining to cultural- and contextual-based exemplars of character development; grit, achievement, and resilience; hope for the future; and parenting and self-regulation. With contributions from international experts, special attention is paid to the centers of excellence at universities around the world that specialize in character development research and character education.
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Free Speech is an Information Advantage
(Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute (PKSOI), 2023-10) Eerhart, Daniel
Following the Arab Spring civil protests in 2011, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of civil resistance movements that successfully achieved their stated goals. Ensuring nations honor their citizens' free speech is essential to peaceful democratic processes. As free speech-suppressing technologies become ubiquitous, the opportunities to settle polarizing disputes below the threshold of violent armed conflict proportionally decrease. Therefore, civilian and military leaders operating within the domain of international relations must understand why the decline has occurred and give outlets to elevate citizen voices without relying upon violent armed conflict.